Style Guide

(CMS Humanities)

Note: Cape Breton University Press uses both CMS Humanities and Scientific Style. Upon acceptance, the editor will advise which style is acceptable.

Style Manual & Dictionary

Style manual: Chicago Manual of Style, 15th ed. Some exceptions are noted below.

Dictionary: Canadian Oxford Dictionary (Second Edition, 2004). Some exceptions are noted below.

General

Conditions of Publication

Our Copy Editing Rules

Numerals: Spell out whole numbers from one to one hundred, except as a percentage, round numbers (five thousand), any number ending a sentence. Consecutive numbers use 2 digits (e.g., 418-19; except for: 104-5).

Percentages: Use numerals and “per cent,” e.g. 54 per cent.

Dates: Month, day, year, e.g., in text: June 11, 2004; in references: 11 June 2004. Decades: 1960s — do not use an apostrophe. Spell out months, do not abbreviate (January, November).

Centuries: Write references to centuries in numeral form, e.g., “Communication in the 19th century;” or “In 19th-century communication” (hyphenate only as adjective).

Eras: Please use BCE (Before Current Era) and CE (Current Era) rather than B.C. and A.D.

Titles and subtitles: Capitalize article titles and subtitles, except words such as the, of, and, on, and prepositions such as during, for, through, among, since.

Serial commas are not used except where required for clarity (e.g., oranges, apples and bananas).

Dashes: do not require space intervals—format without them.

Emphases: Minimize italics. Do not use bold or exclamation marks.

Sentences: please separate by once space only.

Personal initials: Two or more initials should be separated with a word space (e.g., E. A. Poe).

Possessives: Use s's (e.g., Innis's, Jones's) except when it is hard to say or grates on the ear.

Articles with two or more authors: Use “and” and not “&” in authors' names

Enumeration of points:

• use (a) or (b) etc. within paragraphs
• use 1. or 2. for separate paragraphs in a series

Quotes: “Quotation marks” are to be used, not single quote marks. Apostrophes are used for quotes within quotes. Commas and periods should be placed inside closing quotation mark. Exclamations and question marks should appear outside closing quote marks, unless they are also part of said quotation.

Ellipsis points: [space]…[space]; end of sentence: [period + ellipsis pts] .…

Where paragraph has been omitted, indent new paragraph and begin with ellipsis.

Indent quotes of more than forty words.

Spelling: Use Canadian Oxford Dictionary second ed.

Common spelling concerns:

Abbreviations

CBC, CEO, RAF , USA , NS, PhD, BCE, CE, but U.S. , U.K.

Roman or Italic Type

Where Latin or non-English terms are part of the common lexicon, use Roman (e.g., et al.). [ sic ] (italic within square brackets). Non-English words should be italicized, except proper names.

Hyphenated and compound words

audiovisual
burnout
caregiver
cooperate
coordinate
cutbacks
daycare
decision-maker; decision-making
deregulate; deregulating
filmmaker; filmmaking
home page
Internet
lifelong
marketplace
markup
mindset
multi (no hyphen, usually)

Images

Black-and-white photographs or illustrations may be submitted to accompany a manuscript. Submit as camera-ready art (b&w glossy, laser printout) or in electronic format (JPEG, PDF, PostScript, TIFF, etc.). Slides may also be submitted. All copyright clearance is the responsibility of the author and must accompany the final manuscript. The decision to include images in publication is the responsibility of the editor

CMS Documentation (Humanities Style)

Note: Cape Breton University Press uses both CMS Humanities and Scientific Style. Upon acceptance, the editor will advise which style is acceptable.

Endnotes

Documentation

Authors are to use the notes-and-bibliography system of documentation preferred by The Chicago Manual of Style , 15 th ed., “to identify the sources of direct quotations and of any facts or opinions not generally known or easily checked.” In general, all works cited in endnotes can be quite concise, since full information and publication details are in the bibliography (pp. 594-95).

Format

Endnotes and bibliographies are normally set smaller than the text, and bibliographies are in the flush-and-hang (or hanging indention) style (pp. 28-29). Arrange the bibliography alphabetically by author, editor, or title (if the author or editor is unknown). Where more than one bibliography example are illustrated below, they are listed alphabetically. Examples of citations and relevant page numbers from the Chicago Manual of Style , 15 th ed., are provided below.

Book by One Author ( Chicago , p. 649)

Note (1 st ):

Note in work without a bibliography:

•  Benjamin Higgins, Cape Breton and its University College : Symbiotic Development (Sydney, Nova Scotia: University College of Cape Breton Press, 1994), 21.

Bibliography ( Chicago , pp. 649):

Higgins, Benjamin. Cape Breton and its University College : Symbiotic Development . Sydney , Nova Scotia : University College Cape Breton Press, 1994.

Subsequent endnotes for the same source ( Chicago , p. 605): Use the Latin abbreviation ibid . (“in the same place”) to refer to a source cited in the note immediately preceding:

•  Ibid., 25.

Use only the author's last name and the page number to refer to a source cited earlier but not immediately preceding:

3. Higgins, 188.

Book or Article by More than One Author ( Chicago , pp. 649-50)

For note citations of two or three authors, use each last name. For note citations of more than three authors, use the first author's last name and the Latin abbreviation et al . for the remaining authors:

4. Lotz and MacIntyre, Sustainable People , 39.

5. Levine, et al., The Cluetrain Manifesto , 119.

The bibliography should list all the authors, with the name of only the first author inverted and the remaining names arranged conventionally:

Levine, Richard, Christopher Locke, Doc Searls and David Weinberger. The Cluetrain Manifesto: The End of Business As Usual . Cambridge , MA : Perseus Publishing, 2001.

Lotz, Jim, and Gertrude MacIntyre. Sustainable People: A New Approach to Community Development.

Sydney , Nova Scotia : University College of Cape Breton Press, 2003

Book or Article Without an Author ( Chicago , p. 651)

Note:

Use a shortened title and page number:

6. The Whole People of God , 25.

In the bibliography, list the work alphabetically by title. Where the title begins with an article (e.g., A, An, The ), alphabetize by the second word in the title. The following example would be alphabetized by the word “ Whole ”: The Whole People of God: The Christian Year and the Lectionary . Canada : Caribou Press, 2001.

Translator, Compiler, Editor with an Author ( Chicago , p. 654)

Note (trans., comp., or ed.):

7. Julien, Canada: Europe's Last Chance , trans. Penny Williams, 54.

Bibliography (Translated by, Compiled by, or Edited by):

Julien, Claude. Canada : Europe 's Last Chance . Translated by Penny Williams. New York : St. Martin 's Press, 1968.

Chapter or Article in an Edited Book or Anthology ( Chicago , p. 662)

Note:

8. Betts, “The Image of this Queen so Quaynt,” in Dissing Elizabeth , 153-84.

Bibliography:

Betts, Hannah. “The Image of this Queen so Quaynt: The Pornographic Blazon,” in Dissing Elizabeth: Negative Representations of Gloriana , edited by Julia M. Walker, 153-84. Durham : Duke University Press, 1998.

Electronic Book ( Chicago , p. 684).

In general, follow the examples above, but indicate the medium (e.g., CD-ROM, DVD). If the book is available online, include the URL, followed by the date of access in parentheses. See Chicago Manual , p. 646, for citations that require the date the material was last retrieved.

Note:

9. Sirosh, Miikkulainen, and Bednar, “Self-Organization of Orientation Maps,” in Lateral Interactions in the Cortex .

Bibliography:

Sirosh, J., R. Miikkulainen, and J.A. Bednar, “Self-Organization of Orientation Maps, Lateral Connections, and Dynamic Receptive Fields in the Primary Visual Cortex.” In Lateral Interactions in the Cortex: Structure and Function , ed. J. Sirosh, R. Mikkulainen, and Y. Choe. Austin TX: UTCS Neural Networks Research Group, 1996. http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/nn/web-pubs/htmibook96/ (accessed 27 August 2001.)

Journal Article ( Chicago , pp. 688-96)

Note:

10. Drucker, “The Discipline of Innovation,” Harvard Business Review, 149-157.

Bibliography:

Drucker, Peter F. “The Discipline of Innovation.” Harvard Business Review 76, no.6 (1998): 149-157.

Full Text Journal Article from ProQuest (See also “Electronic Journals,” Chicago ,

pp. 696-98.)

Follow the examples above, including the page range if available, the URL and the date the material was last accessed if required.

Note:

11. Earl, “Building Hoover Dam,” Oral History Review , ProQuest.

Bibliography:

Earl, Philip I.. “Building Hoover Dam: An Oral History of the Great Depression.” The Oral Review 24 (Winter 1997), ProQuest. http://proquest.umi.com/ .

Magazine Article ( Chicago , pp. 698-99)

Note:

12. Rogers , “Thinking Differently,” Newsweek , 61.

Bibliography:

Rogers, Adam. “Thinking Differently: Brain Scans Give New Hope of Diagnosing ADHD.” Newsweek . 25 December 1998, 60-62.

Online Magazine Article ( Chicago , pp. 699-700)

Follow the examples above, adding a URL and the date the material was last accessed if required.

Note:

13. Reaves, “A Weighty Issue,” Time , htttp://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,102443,00.html.

Bibliography:

Reaves, Jessica. “A Weighty Issue: Ever-Fatter Kids.” Interview with James Rosen. Time , 14 March 2001. http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,102443,00.html.

Newspaper Article ( Chicago , pp. 700-702)

Note:

14. Silver Donald Cameron, “A Revoltin' Development,” Halifax Sunday Herald , 2 December 2001b, C3.

News items from daily papers are rarely listed separately in a bibliography when using this style. In a work containing both a bibliography and notes, citations to specific items may be given in the notes or in the text and not listed in the bibliography.

Full Text Newspaper Article from ProQuest (See also “Online Newspapers, News Services, and Other News Sites,” Chicago , pp. 702-703.)

Follow the example above, adding a URL and the date the material was last accessed if required.

Note:

15. Michael Laris, “Internet Police on the Prowl in China : Free Flow of Ideas Worries Leaders, Washington Post , 24 October 1999, A12, Online, ProQuest.

As noted above, news items from daily papers are rarely listed separately in a bibliography.

Government Document (“ Canada ,” Chicago , pp. 744-46)

Citations of documents issued by the federal government should begin with “ Canada ” unless it is obvious from the context.

Note:

16. “Report of Royal Commission on Railways and Transportation in Canada ,” Sessional Papers , p. xiii.

Bibliography:

“Report of the Royal Commission to Enquire into Railways and Transportation in Canada .” Sessional Papers , 1917, no. 20g.

Citations of documents issued by provincial governments should begin with the name of the province. Debates may include the name of the person speaking where relevant.

Note:

17. Manitoba , Legislative Assembly, Debates and Proceedings (17 August 2000), p. 5326 (Joy Smith, MLA).

Bibliography:

Canada . Manitoba . Legislative Assembly. Debates and Proceedings , 17 August 2000.

For citations of U.S. government documents, see “Public Documents,” Chicago , pp. 733-44, noting that the U.S. style of arranging the date differs from the Canadian style.

Pamphlets and Reports ( Chicago , p. 717)

Note:

18. Clark, Mesopotamia : Between Two Rivers .

Bibliography:

Clark, Hazel V., Mesopotamia : Between Two Rivers ( Mesopotamia , OH : End of the Common General Store, 1957).

Note:

19. Deloitte & Touche, ECBC and UCCB: Report on Technology Industry Development Program , 1.

Bibliography:

Deloitte & Touche, Enterprise Cape Breton Corporation and University College of Cape Breton : Report on Evaluation of the Technology Industry Development Program , February 1994.

Video Recording and Movies ( Chicago , p. 727)

Note:

20. National Film Board, We're the Boss .

Bibliography:

National Film Board. We're the Boss . Video. 1990.

Note:

21. “Crop Duster Attack,” North by Northwest , DVD.

Bibliography:

“Crop Duster Attack.” North by Northwest . DVD. Directed by Alfred Hitchcock. 1959. Burbank , CA : Warner Home Video, 2000.

Web Site ( Chicago , pp. 714-15)

Note:

22. Evanston Public Library Board of Trustees, “ Evanston Public Library Strategic Plan, 2000-2010.”

Bibliography:

Evanston Public Library Board of Trustees. “ Evanston Public Library Strategic Plan, 2000-2010: A Decade of Outreach.” Evanston Public Library. http://www.epl. org/ library/strategic -plan-00.html.

Dissertation Abstract from Digital Dissertations ( Chicago , pp. 708, 718)

Follow the above examples of journal article citations, but add the word abstract , URL and the date the material was last accessed if required.

Note:

23. Galt, “Redrawing the Map of Europe” (Ph.D. diss., abstract).

Bibliography:

Galt, Rosalind Ann. “Redrawing the Map of Europe : Space History and Spectacle in New European Cinema.” Ph.D. diss., Brown University, 2002. Abstract in Digital Dissertation Abstracts International , URL (Jan. 2003).